Primary Education in Kashmir: The Critical Role of the Mother Tongue

Abstract

This research paper explores the critical role of the mother tongue in primary education in Kashmir, emphasizing its impact on young learners' cognitive development, language acquisition, and overall academic success. In Kashmir, where Kashmiri is widely spoken alongside other languages, the use of the mother tongue in early education remains a topic of great importance. The study examines how mother-tongue instruction can facilitate better comprehension, foster cultural identity, and create a more inclusive and engaging learning environment. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, including interviews with educators, surveys with parents, and classroom observations, the research highlights the advantages of teaching in Kashmiri, particularly in terms of literacy skills, emotional connection to learning, and self-confidence among students. The paper also delves into the challenges faced by educators and students, such as the shift to non-native languages like Urdu and English, which may hinder learning in the early stages of schooling. Moreover, it discusses the implications for educational policy, advocating for a balanced approach that incorporates the mother tongue in primary education to improve learning outcomes. The findings underscore the necessity of nurturing linguistic diversity and aligning education with the cultural and linguistic realities of the region, thereby strengthening the overall educational framework in Kashmir.