Identifying Hub Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Bioinformatics Approach Using GEO Data Set and GEO2R Tool

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and behaviour. This study examined the genetic foundations of ASD through the analysis of RNA-sequencing data from two datasets (GSE107867 and GSE117776) obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Using GEO2R, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING analysis. Among the upregulated genes, FCGR3A emerged as a central hub gene, indicating its potential involvement in the immune responses and neuroinflammation associated with ASD pathophysiology. Enrichment analysis revealed significant associations between immune system processes, molecular signaling, and neurodevelopmental pathways. This investigation underscores the complex molecular nature of ASD, with immune-related genes, particularly FCGR3A, playing a crucial role in the manifestation of the disorder. These findings provide insights into the genetic and immune pathways of ASD and suggest that FCGR3A is a potential therapeutic target. However, further experimental validation is required to confirm its functional relevance.